Balcony photovoltaics are becoming an increasingly popular solution for people who want to use solar energy in their apartments. However, choosing the right system can be a challenge, especially with various options such as on-grid and off-grid systems. Each has its unique features and benefits that should be considered before making a decision. In this article, we take a closer look at both solutions to help you understand which one best fits your needs and housing conditions.

• On-grid and off-grid systems are two different approaches to using solar energy on balconies. On-grid is connected to the public grid, allowing energy surplus to be sold, while off-grid works independently using batteries.
• On-grid offers financial benefits through the ability to sell surplus energy and ensures a constant power supply even when panel production is insufficient. However, it requires registration with the power utility and is dependent on the grid.
• Off-grid provides full energy independence, which is useful in areas with unstable electricity supply. However, it involves higher initial costs and regular maintenance, and the inability to sell surplus may be a limitation.
• Choose on-grid if you have easy access to the power grid and want to reduce your electricity bills and gain extra income from energy sales.
• Consider off-grid in places with difficult grid access or frequent outages. It’s ideal for those who value energy autonomy.
• Installing balcony photovoltaics requires approval from property management and notifying the Distribution System Operator (DSO) for on-grid systems. Formalities may vary depending on location.
• Installation costs depend on the chosen system. On-grid is cheaper upfront, while off-grid offers more independence. Subsidies can help reduce investment costs.

What Are On-grid and Off-grid Balcony Solar Systems?

On-grid and off-grid photovoltaic systems are two different approaches to generating solar power that can also be used on balconies. An on-grid system is integrated with the public electricity network, meaning that energy produced by the solar panels can be used directly at home or fed into the grid. For a balcony setup, this system includes solar panels, an inverter, and bidirectional meters that track energy flow. A key advantage is the ability to sell excess energy to the grid, which can provide additional financial benefits.

In contrast, an off-grid system operates independently of the power grid and uses batteries to store energy. Such a balcony installation includes solar panels, an inverter, and a battery to store the energy for later use. The main components of an off-grid system are:

• Solar panels
• Inverter
• Battery

The benefit of this setup is full independence from energy providers, which is especially useful in areas with unstable electricity supply. However, the inability to sell surplus energy and the higher initial costs may pose limitations.

Pros and Cons of On-grid Balcony Systems

An on-grid balcony system allows for efficient use of solar energy in conjunction with the public grid. A major benefit of this system is the ability to sell surplus energy to the public grid. This helps users not only reduce their electricity bills but also generate extra income. Benefits of on-grid systems include:

• Ability to sell excess energy to the grid, accelerating return on investment.
• Continuous access to electricity, even when panel production is low.

However, on-grid systems also have drawbacks. Users rely on the grid, meaning they lose power during outages. This can be problematic in areas with unreliable electricity. Additionally, installation requires notifying the utility company and installing bidirectional meters, adding to the paperwork. Potential disadvantages include:

• Dependence on the grid and risk of power loss during outages.
• Required formalities for connecting the system to the grid.

Pros and Cons of Off-grid Balcony Systems

Off-grid balcony photovoltaic systems offer users significant independence from energy suppliers. Solar energy is stored in batteries, allowing use even when the grid is unavailable. It’s an ideal solution for people who want full control over their energy use. However, off-grid systems require careful planning and the right choice of components, including batteries and charge controllers. Key benefits include:

• Energy independence – no need to rely on the public grid.
• Security – energy available even during grid outages.
• Flexibility – systems can be tailored to individual needs.

Despite many advantages, off-grid systems have downsides. Primarily, they involve higher upfront costs due to the need for batteries. Also, since surplus energy cannot be sold, this can be a limitation. Regular maintenance and component replacements may also add costs. Disadvantages include:

• High initial investment – batteries increase startup costs.
• No option to sell surplus – energy is used only for personal needs.
• Maintenance – regular checks and replacements required.

When to Choose an On-grid System?

Choosing an on-grid balcony system can be especially beneficial in several scenarios. If you live in an area with reliable grid access, on-grid installations let you use solar energy effectively. You can meet daily electricity needs and sell excess energy to the grid, generating additional income and faster ROI. It’s also more affordable upfront since there’s no need to purchase batteries.

From a technical standpoint, it’s ideal for those who want to use solar power without completely disconnecting from the grid. If your panels don’t generate enough electricity, you can draw the remainder from the network. Summary:

• Pros: surplus energy sales, lower upfront costs.
• Cons: reliance on the power grid.

Consider this option if your energy needs fluctuate and you want guaranteed power availability.

When to Choose an Off-grid System?

Off-grid systems are perfect for locations with limited or unreliable access to the public power grid. In such places, where infrastructure is outdated or unstable, energy independence becomes crucial. Off-grid systems let you break free from energy providers—ideal for frequent outages. It’s also suitable for people wanting complete control over their energy without relying on public infrastructure.

They’re also a smart option when upgrading the existing grid is too expensive or unfeasible. In these cases, off-grid systems may be more cost-effective in the long run. Suitable scenarios include:

• Remote areas – ideal for vacation homes or garden plots.
• Desire for full independence – perfect for avoiding future price hikes.
• Frequent outages – useful where power interruptions are common.

Thanks to these advantages, off-grid systems are gaining popularity among users seeking reliable, self-sufficient energy solutions.

Legal Requirements for Balcony Solar Installation

Installing balcony solar panels involves several formalities, which may vary by location and property manager. Before installation, you must obtain permission from the building administrator or homeowners’ association. Balconies are often part of the building’s façade, so any changes might need extra permits.

Documents to prepare include:

• Approval request – submitted to the property administrator.
• Installation project – including technical details of the setup.
• Installer’s declaration – confirming compliance with safety and legal standards.

For on-grid systems, notify your local DSO. Off-grid setups involve fewer legal steps, but still ensure you comply with applicable regulations. Following these steps prevents legal issues and ensures safe system operation.

Costs and Subsidies for Balcony Solar Systems

Installing a balcony PV system—whether on-grid or off-grid—comes with various costs. On-grid is usually cheaper upfront as it doesn’t require energy storage. Costs depend on panel quantity and inverter power. Off-grid systems cost more due to battery and charge controller requirements. Key financial elements include:

• Solar panel cost – depends on quality and efficiency.
• Inverter – needed in both systems; price varies by power rating.
• Batteries – only required for off-grid setups, increasing costs.

Subsidies can significantly reduce your investment. Programs like "My Electricity" provide financial support for systems with a minimum 2 kWp capacity. Requirements include DSO notification and landlord permission for panel installation. Also explore local programs supporting renewable energy adoption.

• Property manager approval – essential for legal installation.
• DSO registration – mandatory for on-grid systems.
• Subsidies – available if installation meets criteria.

Summary

On-grid and off-grid PV systems are two ways to utilize solar energy—even from your balcony. On-grid connects to the public grid, allowing you to use and sell your electricity. This cuts electricity bills and can create income. Off-grid works independently and stores power in batteries, offering complete energy freedom—ideal for unstable grid areas.

Your decision depends on personal needs and location. On-grid is cost-effective and lower in setup cost but depends on grid reliability. Off-grid offers full autonomy but comes with higher investment and no energy sales. Both systems have their pros and cons—review your energy habits and finances before deciding.

FAQ

What are the cost differences between on-grid and off-grid systems?

On-grid is cheaper upfront since it doesn’t require batteries. Costs vary by panel number and inverter size. Off-grid is pricier due to battery and charge controller needs but offers energy independence.

Can I receive subsidies for balcony photovoltaics?

Yes, programs like "My Electricity" offer funding. You’ll need to meet requirements such as DSO notification and landlord approval for panel installation.

What legal steps are needed to install balcony solar panels?

You’ll need permission from the property manager or HOA. Balconies may require special permits as they’re part of the building façade. On-grid setups must be reported to the DSO.

Is an off-grid system suitable for every apartment?

Off-grid works best in areas with unreliable or no grid access. If your grid is stable and you don’t need full autonomy, on-grid may be more economical.

Can I sell energy surplus in an off-grid system?

No, off-grid systems store energy for private use only. Surplus energy cannot be sold to the public grid.

How long does it take to recover costs with an on-grid system?

Payback time depends on energy output, local prices, and ability to sell surplus. On-grid often offers faster ROI due to lower setup costs and income from energy sales.

What maintenance does an off-grid system require?

Off-grid systems need regular inspections. Batteries must be checked for performance and condition. Inverters and charge controllers also require periodic servicing.