As energy prices continue to rise and pressure grows to reduce our carbon footprint, many people are looking for efficient solutions that not only help cut utility bills but also increase energy independence. One such solution is combining photovoltaic (PV) systems with a heat pump. This technology duo can reduce energy bills by up to 80% and lessen dependence on traditional energy providers. In this article, we’ll explore how the synergy between these systems works, what financial and environmental benefits it offers, and how to design such a system for your home step by step. Read on for a practical guide to maximizing the potential of photovoltaics and heat pumps.

• Photovoltaics and heat pumps as a duo: Combining these technologies can lead to up to 80% savings on energy bills and increased energy independence.
• How does it work? In summer, solar panels power the heat pump for cooling and hot water. In winter, surplus energy can be stored or sold via a net-billing system.
• Key components: A high-efficiency air-to-water heat pump (COP 4–5), a hybrid inverter to manage energy flow, and a battery storage unit for surplus energy.
• System design: It’s important to calculate heating demand, choose the right panel capacity, and install a hybrid inverter and battery storage.
• Winter efficiency: Heat pumps can still run efficiently in winter with help from energy storage or net-billing.
• Financial support: Programs like Clean Air 2025 offer subsidies that reduce upfront costs and speed up return on investment.

How the synergy between photovoltaics and heat pumps works

Photovoltaics and heat pumps are a perfect match for reducing energy bills and achieving greater energy independence. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, which powers the heat pump. During the summer months—when solar production is highest—the system can be used for building cooling and hot water. In winter, surplus energy can be stored in batteries or sold back to the grid via net-billing, helping to support home heating.

Combining these technologies offers many advantages. It significantly lowers heating and cooling costs, potentially saving up to 80% on energy bills. It also contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, helping protect the environment. Benefits of combining photovoltaics and a heat pump:

• Financial savings – Reduced spending on electricity and heating.
• Energy independence – Less reliance on utility providers.
• Eco-friendliness – Reduced carbon footprint and environmental impact.

Key components of a PV and heat pump system

Combining a solar energy system with a heat pump is a smart way to achieve both energy and financial savings. The heart of this system is the air-to-water heat pump, which boasts a high coefficient of performance (COP) ranging from 4 to 5. This means that for every kilowatt-hour of electricity consumed, the pump delivers 4–5 kWh of heat, making it extremely efficient and cost-effective.

Another crucial element is the hybrid inverter, which manages energy flow between the solar panels, energy storage, and the electrical grid. This ensures efficient use of solar energy. A battery storage unit is also vital for storing excess power for use at night or during low-production periods. A storage capacity of 10–15 kWh can significantly boost the energy independence of a home around 120 m² in size.

• Air-to-water heat pump: High efficiency with COP of 4–5.
• Hybrid inverter: Manages power between panels, batteries, and the grid.
• Battery storage: Stores surplus energy for later use.

Step-by-step: How to design a PV system with a heat pump

Designing a PV system with a heat pump requires careful planning. Start by calculating your home’s heat demand—this determines the required heat pump capacity. Consider factors like floor area, insulation quality, and local climate. Then select a PV panel system that can generate enough electricity to meet the heat pump’s needs.

Next, install a hybrid inverter that integrates the heat pump with your solar setup. This device manages power distribution between the panels, heat pump, and grid. Battery storage is also worth considering, especially in colder months or during higher heating demand. Batteries allow you to store excess electricity for use when solar production is low.

Optimizing heating and electricity costs

Combining solar with a heat pump is a smart strategy for optimizing both heating and power expenses. A well-designed solar system can nearly eliminate energy costs. The key is sizing your installation to fully meet the pump’s electricity needs. Compared to conventional heating systems like gas, this solution offers more savings and insulation from fuel price fluctuations.

Another helpful tool is a Home Energy Management System (HEMS), which monitors and optimizes energy use across your home. HEMS allows real-time tracking and scheduling of appliance use for maximum efficiency. Benefits include:

• Smart energy usage – Align device use with peak solar output hours.
• Performance monitoring – Track system efficiency and identify issues early.
• Cost reduction – Use energy more efficiently to cut bills.

Can a heat pump work with solar energy in winter?

Yes! Heat pumps can operate efficiently with solar power even in winter thanks to battery storage systems or net-billing mechanisms. When solar output drops in colder months, batteries help store surplus power generated on sunnier days. Alternatively, net-billing lets you feed energy into the grid and use credits later.

Cold weather does reduce solar panel output, but a heat pump with a high COP still provides efficient heating. COP measures how much heat is produced per unit of electricity used. A higher COP means greater efficiency and better synergy with solar—even during limited sunlight.

Subsidies for heat pumps and solar panels in 2025

Several financial incentives will be available in 2025 to make solar and heat pump investments more affordable. One of the most important programs is Clean Air 2025, which offers grants for eco-friendly energy upgrades—including solar panels and heat pumps. There’s also the thermomodernization tax credit, which allows part of your investment to be deducted from your income tax.

These programs lower upfront costs and accelerate return on investment. Advantages of financial support include:

• Reduced initial expenses – Lower out-of-pocket costs.
• Faster ROI – Break-even achieved sooner.
• Increased property value – Modern energy systems boost home resale appeal.
• Environmental impact – Cutting CO₂ emissions with renewables.

Conclusion

Pairing solar panels with a heat pump is a winning strategy for lowering energy bills and increasing self-sufficiency. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity that powers the heat pump. In summer, this energy is used for cooling and hot water; in winter, surplus energy is stored or sold, supporting heating needs. This combination can reduce energy bills by up to 80% while helping lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Essential components include an air-to-water heat pump, a hybrid inverter, and a battery storage unit. The heat pump delivers 4–5 kWh of heat per kWh of electricity. The hybrid inverter coordinates power from panels, storage, and the grid, while the battery stores energy for use when solar output is low. Together, these elements form a highly efficient and eco-friendly system.

FAQ

What are the upfront costs of installing solar and a heat pump?

Costs vary depending on system size, equipment quality, and location. For a single-family home, prices typically range from several thousand to over 100,000 PLN. However, subsidies and tax incentives can significantly reduce this amount.

Can I install the system myself or do I need professionals?

While self-installation is theoretically possible, it’s highly recommended to hire professionals. Certified installers ensure optimal performance, safety, and compliance with regulations.

How long does it take to see a return on investment?

ROI depends on initial cost, energy savings, and available subsidies. On average, payback occurs in 7–10 years—but incentives may shorten this timeline.

Does the system work during a power outage?

Yes, but only if it includes a battery and proper inverter settings. Without storage, most systems shut down when the grid goes offline for safety reasons.

What maintenance is required?

Solar panels should be cleaned at least once a year. Heat pumps require routine inspections by professionals to maintain peak performance.

Can I expand the system with more panels or a larger battery later?

Yes, most systems are scalable. Plan ahead and consult with a technician to ensure component compatibility before expanding.

What are the environmental benefits?

Combining solar and a heat pump drastically reduces CO₂ emissions by relying on renewable energy, helping you shrink your carbon footprint and support climate goals.